The 7 Millennium Prize Problems with $1 million reward
Did you know anyone who solves one of these seven math problems gets $1 million?
The Millennium Prize Problems were created by Landon T. Clay, an American businessman who founded the Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1998 to promote and share mathematical knowledge. The institute's goal is to give a million-dollar reward to anyone who can solve these math problems.
So what are these complex math problems?
1. The Navier-Stokes Existence and Smoothness Problem:
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Scientists use Navier-Stokes equations to make predictions about fluid motions like smoke and water flow. The problem is that mathematicians are curious if these equations always have smooth solutions without sudden jumps or sharp corners.
2. The Hodge Conjecture
It’s all about the hidden connections between shapes and their mathematical descriptions. So, the Hodge Conjecture is almost like studying tangled wires but focusing on how they connect (loops) rather than the exact bends.
3. The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture
It asks if there's a secret link between how many whole number solutions exist for equations related to the curve (its arithmetic) and the actual shape and folds of the curve itself (its geometry).
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4. P vs. NP Problem
This problem is very popular in computer science and mathematics. It asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer can also be quickly solved by a computer.
5. The Riemann Hypothesis
The Riemann Hypothesis proposes a definite location for most prime numbers through a concept known as "complex analysis" (a type of sophisticated mathematics).
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6. Yang-Mills and Mass Gap
This problem concerns quantum mechanics and theoretical physics. It seeks a solution to this query: Is there a gap between the lowest energy level a particle can have and the next level of energy?
7. The Poincaré Conjecture
This problem was solved in 2003 by Grigori Perelman. It was the first of the Millennium Prize problems to be solved. It was about topology, a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of geometric shapes.
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